New developments in steam reforming techniques such as sorption enhancement and chemical looping may well be the catalyst for bringing hydrogen from biomass and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) into prospective energy markets. Steam reforming can transform bio-oil into hydrogen, which is considered a useful technique to improve bio-oil. Green hydrogen can be made from water electrolysis or biogenic fuel, and is a viable way to cut CO 2 emissions. The combination of fossil-derived hydrogen and CCUS is known as “blue hydrogen.” This article looks at recent research published in Clean Technologies detailing advanced steam reforming of bio-oil using carbon capture. The use of steam methane reforming to produce hydrogen can be coupled with carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS). While an outside attacker would have a hard time getting into a server room to tamper with a machine, a rogue company insider or dodgy person in the supply and distribution chain could find the opportunity to rewrite the firmware in such a way to silently and secretly spy on the machine.Hydrogen is an important component in the production of chemicals and fertilizers, and it is a promising source of heat in the future. The report also brings up an interesting point about physical access. We always recommend our customers maintain up-to-date iDRAC firmware and isolate the management network with technologies, such as firewalls, and limit access to authorized server administrators only." Additionally, these are not applicable to Dell EMC iDRAC9 and 14th generation PowerEdge servers, Dell EMC’s latest offering which became available in mid-2017. "These potential vulnerabilities require either physical access or current (and valid) administrative rights. The second potential vulnerability was through direct physical access with short circuit jumper cables. This known vulnerability has already been addressed in subsequent firmware releases. "Applied remotely, with administrative rights for iDRAC, he had downloaded an older firmware version with a known vulnerability and created root user access. "We were made aware by the individual of potential Dell EMC iDRAC vulnerabilities," a Dell spokesperson told El Reg this week. Come on folks, put some effort inĭell stressed this is difficult to exploit in practice. With the 14th-generation and onwards, running iDRAC version 9, a root-of-trust is used to ensure bad stuff isn't executed, because it won't be digitally signed off by Dell. The BMC processor doesn't check to see if the iDRAC code is fully legit and untampered with or not. If this can't be done remotely, it is possible to do this physically: popping open the lid, and reprogramming the iDRAC firmware storage chip with arbitrary code. In other words, there's nothing stopping people from downgrading the firmware to a known vulnerable version, and nothing stopping them from installing modified firmware. To system administrators, the box appears to be normal, and there's no sign of dodgy code running on the BMC. Then, the hacker can upgrade the software to the previous version, keeping the spyware intact. This can be leveraged to smuggle whatever malware is needed into the iDRAC firmware storage. However, it's something to consider, at least, especially if you're handling valuable corporate secrets.Ĭan we talk about the little backdoors in data center servers, please? READ MOREĮssentially, on a vulnerable box, an attacker can downgrade the iDRAC firmware from version 8 to an older version that has a known vulnerability in it, and exploit this to gain root access to the small instance of Linux running on the BMC. In order to exploit this, an attacker has to be determined, and has to have extraordinary access, either internally as a data center administrator or has to get their hands physically on the hardware at some point, either on site or while shipping it from the factory to the customer. It can be virtually undetectable, and can snoop on and tamper with whatever happens on the compromised machine. This malware can survive operating system reinstallation, hard disk wiping and replacement, and motherboard BIOS rewrites. The upshot is that it is possible for a rogue system administrator, or someone who has obtained their network access, or miscreants in the supply chain, to reprogram vulnerable PowerEdge motherboard controllers with malicious code. A pair of IT professionals have uncovered a potentially serious flaw in the hardware management tools for older Dell servers.
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